一、 环境配置

primary： IP：192.168.0.120
CPU：2个Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.80GHz （HT）
Mem：2G Swap：4G
Disk：130G DB：

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.3.0 - Prod OS：Linux oracle 2.4.21-20.ELsmp #1 SMP
standby： IP：192.168.0.101 Cup：2个Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.40GHz （HT） Mem：2G Swap：2G Disk：66G DB：
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.3.0 - Prod OS：Linux boss-3 2.4.21-15.ELsmp #1 SMP Primary

为正在使用的生产数据库，standby安装oracle软件，但不建立数据库。正在装载数据……

二、 建立物理备用数据库

1． 准备主库的oracle环境：编辑oracle用户的/HOME/.bash_profile文件，oracle相关环境变量如下：

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID=BOSS;
export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.0/Db_1;
export ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib DISPLAY=10.1.9.59:0.0;
export DISPLAY NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16CGB231280; export NLS_LANG

2． 修改主库为归档模式建立归档目录：

mkdir -p /u02/oradata/BOSS/arch

修改归档模式：

archive log list; create pfile from spfile;

编辑$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initBOSS.ora 添加下面一行 log_archive_dest_1='location=/u02/oradata/BOSS/arch'

sqlplus /nolog conn sys as sysdba
shutdown immediate;
create spfile from pfile;
startup nomount;

alter database mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;

3. 对主数据库做一次完整热备份，获得备用数据库数据 RMAN>connect target

RMAN> backup database format='/home/oracle/%U_%s.bak';
RMAN> sql "Alter System Archive Log Current";
RMAN> Backup filesperset 10 ArchiveLog all format='/home/oracle/%U_%s.bak';

cd /home/oracle scp *.bak 192.168.0.101:/home/oracle/

4. 在standby服务器准备环境与primary相同编辑oracle用户的$HOME/.bash_profile文件，oracle相关环境变量如下：
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID=BOSS;
export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.0/Db_1;
export ORACLE_HOME export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib DISPLAY=10.1.9.59:0.0;
export DISPLAY NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16CGB231280;

export NLS_LANG

5. 准备相应目录，如日志文件路径，归档路径，参数文件路径，数据文件准备存放路径等
$mkdir -p /u02/oradata/BOSS
$mkdir -p /u02/oradata/BOSS/arch
$mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSS
$mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSS/bdump
$mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSS/cdump
$mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSS/udump

6. 建立备用数据库参数文件主库的参数如下：
BOSS.__db_cache_size=339738624
BOSS.__java_pool_size=33554432
BOSS.__large_pool_size=4194304
BOSS.__shared_pool_size=218103808
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/BOSS/bdump'
*.compatible='10.1.0.2.0'
*.control_files='/u02/oradata/BOSS/control01.ctl','/u02/oradata/BOSS/control02.ctl','/u02/oradata/BOSS/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/BOSS/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='BOSS'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_writer_processes=4
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=BOSSXDB)'
*.global_names=FALSE
*.java_pool_size=32M
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.license_max_users=250
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u02/oradata/BOSS/arch'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dbstandby LGWR'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=199229440
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=598736896
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/BOSS/udump'
*.utl_file_dir='/u01/app/oracle/admin/BOSS/bdump'

与主数据库不一样的参数如下：

#standby database parameter
standby_file_management=AUTO
remote_archive_enable=TRUE
standby_archive_dest='/u02/oradata/BOSS/arch'
fal_server='DBPRIMARY'
fal_client='DBSTANDBY'

7. 从主服务器拷贝口令文件到备用服务器

$cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
$scp orapwBOSS 192.168.0.101: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/dbs

8. 配置网络连接修改主服务名：
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/network/admin/listener.ora文件如下：
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS =

(PROTOCOL = IPC)

(KEY = EXTPROC)) )

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS =

(PROTOCOL = TCP)

(HOST = oracle)

(PORT = 1521)

)

)

)

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc)

)
(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = BOSS)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1)

(SID_NAME = BOSS)

)

)

LISTENERDB = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.120)(PORT = 1522)) ) ) )

SID_LIST_LISTENERDB = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = BOSS)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1) (SID_NAME = BOSS) ) )

$lsnrctl start
$lsnrctl status 查看监听状态. 修改主服务器的/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora文件如下：
BOSS = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1521)) (
CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = BOSS) ) )

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC)) )
(CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (divSENTATION = RO) ) )

DBPRIMARY = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.120)(PORT = 1521)) )
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = BOSS) ) )

DBSTANDBY = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.101)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = BOSS) ) )

修改备用服务器的 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/network/admin/listener.ora文件如下：

LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.101)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) )
SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = BOSS) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1) (SID_NAME = BOSS) ) )
LISTENERDB = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.101)(PORT = 1522)) ) ) )
SID_LIST_LISTENERDB = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = BOSS) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1) (SID_NAME = BOSS) ) )

修改备用服务器的 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora文件如下：
DBPRIMARY = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.120)(PORT = 1521)) )
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = BOSS) ) )

DBSTANDBY = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.101)(PORT = 1522))
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = BOSS) ) )

在这里配置两个监听，一个用于主服务器到备用服务器的连接，端口是1522，另外一个用于日后的切换需要，默认端口1521。启动1522 的端口

$lsnrctl start listenerdb
$lsnrctl status listenerdb查看1522 端口上监听的状态. 测试: 在主和备用机上分别执行 tnsping dbprimary tnsping dbstandby

9. 在主数据库创建备用服务器控制文件
alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/standby.ctl';

创建后将控制文件cp(rcp or scp)到备用数据库所在的控制文件目录下。如$ scp control01.ctl 192.168.0.101:/u02/oradata/BOSS/
cp /u02/oradata/BOSS/control01.ctl /u02/oradata/BOSS/control02.ctl cp /u02/oradata/BOSS/control01.ctl /u02/oradata/BOSS/control03.ctl

10. 启动备用数据库
conn sys as sysdba

create spfile from pfile;
startup nomount;
alter database mount standby database;

恢复数据库:
RMAN> connect target;
RMAN> restore database;
RMAN> restore archivelog all;如果有恢复的日志并想手工恢复，可以运行如下命令

SQL>recover automatic standby database; 如果过程中出现如下类似错误，则可以忽略 ORA-00279: change 50775 generated at 06/08/2004 21:57:21 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289:

suggestion : /u01/oracle/oradata/tbdb/archive/1_5.dbf

ORA-00280: change 50775 for thread 1 is in sequence #5
ORA-00278: log file '/u01/oracle/oradata/tbdb/archive/1_5.dbf' no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/oracle/oradata/tbdb/archive/1_5.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information:

3 因为最后需要的日志根本没有从主数据库送过来 进入到后台管理恢复状态

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

三、采用Lgwr进程传递联日志机的最大性能模式

1. 在备用数据库上创建备用日志

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo05.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo06.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo07.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 8 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo08.log') size 10m;
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

2. 修改主库的归档路径
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dbstandby LGWR' scope=both; 另外，如果考虑到以后该库可能被切换到备用数据库，也可以创建同样的备用日志组:

alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo05.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo06.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo07.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 8 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo08.log') size 10m;

四、验证备用服务器是否工作在主库上：
create user test identified by ftp123;
grant connect,resource to test;
conn test/ftp123@primary;
create table test(name varchar2(20));
insert into test values('hi, Data Guard');
commit;
conn / as sysdba;
alter system switch logfile;

查看从库日志以只读方式打开从库查看 insert into test values('hi, Data Guard'); 已经生效。
conn / as sysdba;
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open read only;
conn test/ftp123
select * from test;

再次设置从库在恢复模式：
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

五、日常管理
1. 备用服务器的管理模式与只读模式（1）启动到管理模式
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

（2）启动到只读方式
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database open read only;

（3）如果在管理恢复模式下到只读模式
SQL>recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL>alter database open read only;这个时候，可以给数据库增加临时数据文件（这个在热

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